Sir Isaac Newton

            Sir Isaac Newton was a great mathematician and scientist. He was one of the most learned men and one of the greatest thinkers that the world has ever seen.He was born in the year 1642, at a small town in Lincolnshire, in England. He became a Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge in 1687. In 1699, he was made master of the Mint in London, and also was elected as the President of Royal Society in 1703. In the year 1705, he was made a Knight by Queen Anne. He died in 1727, at the age of eighty-five.

                     

                   Sir Isaac Newton was best known as the discoverer of the law of gravitation. The story is that what started him thinking on this subject was the fall of an apple in his garden. He had seen apples fall from the trees many times before, and million of people had seen the same. But just at the time, he was studying the movements of stars and trying to find out why they travel in the sky in the way they did. The sight of an apple falling to the ground from a tree set his mind working in the right direction. That led him to explain the movements of the moon round the earth and the other planets around the sun.

        

                   Beside that, he found that the white light the sun is made out of seven colors and he also made so many great discoveries. Though he was such a great man, he was very simple and humble, and a little before his death, he said “I seem to have been only a boy playing on the sea-shore, and diverting myself in now and then finding a smoother pebble or a prettier shell than ordinary, whilst the great ocean of truth lay all undiscovered before me”. He was humble because, though he knew so much, his great learning showed him how much there was to be known.         

The Anger

              People generally blame anger as a fault. But sometimes, it is right to be angry. When is anger right, and when may we be angry? And we ought to be angry when we see the weak unjustly treated by the strong, when a great wrong is done to an innocent man, when the rich oppress the poor, when dumb animals are tortured by brutal men, when little children are beaten and starved by drunken parents,These things should fill us with anger, and drive us to do all we can to protect the weak and help the suffering. Such anger has driven good men to come out as reformers, to right public wrongs and put down bad customs.

              This kind of anger is always unselfish. It springs from the sympathy and a sense of justice. Ad men who feel it are angry at wrong done to others, but not at wrongs done to themselves.

The Human Hand

             The human hand is the most wonderful tool in the world. Because of that the man is known as the “tool using animal”. Man could never have made all the wonderful things used in day today life if he didn’t understand the importance of the had he got.

             If we consider about the skeleton hand, we find that it is made up of a large number of small bones. In the wrist there are eight small bones, I the palm five, and I the fingers and thumb fourteen. In the living had, these bones are joined together by strong but supple muscles. The joint that joins the hand to the arms is called the wrist, and it is a bold socket which enables the hand to turn almost any way.

             What makes the human hand so useful is the fact that the thumb is so placed that it ca be brought opposite the four fingers. This enables us to grasp anything firmly, or to take up very small things gently with finger and thumb.

             With most people, the right hand is cleverer and more useful, and they write and paint and draw with the right hand. But some people are left-handed, and few can use both hands equally well.

 

Mahathma Gandhi

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi called Mahatma Gandhi. He was born with silver spoon in his mouth. His father was remarkable lawyer in India. So that he wanted to see his son was be a lawyer. As a result of that Gandhi was send to Oxford University in England to lean low. There he passed the Baristor exam and came back to India.

At that time was ruled by Britain, He saw how unite people freated to his own people. His people were regarded as slaves by them. Although he could lead luxurious life simply coining money he came forward to save his mother country & her people. He started Nonviolence campaign throughout the country. It was a severe headache to the imperialists because million of people joined to the that. Imperialists were shocked by this movement & they introduced introduced Mahatma Gandhi as “HALF NAKED FAKIR”

Although Mahatma Gandhi is no more with us his dedication & no valance campaign cannot be erased easily from the minds of the entre human being.

How Can Tell Age Of Tree

We can say the age of tree not by its weight but, by its trunk. As a tree grows, the trunk becomes thicker. New wood is created in the middle of the trunk with each year of growth, pushing the existing layers of wood outwards.

If you look at the trunk of tree which has been cut down, you will notice a number of roughly concentric (have the same centre) circles, growing from the middle outwards. The space between any two of these circles represents each annual layer of wood. By counting the circles, you can find out the age of tree.

    (Junior Observer-2005)

True Friendship

                   Every one has a number of acquaintances; but no one has too many friends. For a friendship to be intimate and lasting, both friends must have some very special qualities.

                  The first main thing is Unselfish love. It’s the essence of friendship. But Friendship is a two-sided affair, lives by gives and takes. No friendship can last long which is all given on one side and all take on the other. A selfish person is incapable of true friendship. The love and service must be mutual.

                  Constancy is another important thing in friendship. Some people are constitutionally fickle. They take up an interest with enthusiasm, but soon they tire of it, and feel the attraction of some new subject. Such changeable and uncertain people are incapable of a life long friendship with anyone.

                    Friends must be loyal to each other, and they must know each other so well that there can be no suspicions between them. Suspicious nature, and those who are easily influenced by reports and whispers, can never make good friends.

                   There must be implicit confidence between friends, so that each can feel that he can tell the other his most intimate secrets without any fear of his being misunderstood or betrayed. But there are talkative and communicative people, who cannot keep a secret, either there own or those of others. Such people will never keep a friend long. At last, there must be perfect sympathy between friends. Where such real sympathy does not exist, friendship is impossible.

                    

 

How Star Fish Moves

Star fish do not have feet like we do but yet they do get about. So, how do they manage to move about you may wonder… well, they creep slowly around using hundreds of hydraulically operated ‘tube feet ‘ . Rows tiny tubes cover the length of each arm of a star fish. Each tube foot is connected to a muscular sac embedded inside the arm of the star fish. All the feet are joined up by a system of tubes which draws in water from the sea. The sac contracts & pushes out the foot under pressure. A suction disc at the end grips the sea floor, the foot contracts, forcing the water back in to the sac, and the star fish moves a fraction of an inch! Star fish can have between four to fifty arms. They lives in the shallow seas of the world.

                             (Junior Observer-2005)

Marie Curie

Marie Skiodowska was born in 7 November 1867 in Poland. she was an intelligent girl. But, her father could not afford to send her for higher education. Maria's father was an atheist & her mother a devout Catholic. So she had go for job  & she worked as governess. Form this job and she was able to save enough money. She went to Paris for for higher education @ famous Sorbourne University. In Paris she led a very difficult life. But, she graduated with honours in 1893 she was awarded a degree in Physics & in 1894 earned degree in Mathematics.

After that she got a job as a research scientist. While she was doing her research work she met Pierre Curie, Who was a French Student. The ultimate result was they got married in July 1895. After they work together on research work & discovered Radium. In 1903 them won Nobel Prize for Physics.

Unfortunately, on 19 April 1906 Pierre was killed in accident. But, Marie Curie continued her work & won second Nobel prize again in 1911. But Unfortunately Marie Curie died in 1911 @ age of  67. Marie curie was the 1st woman to win Nobel Prize & the 1st person to win two Nobel Prizes.

1903-Noel prize in Physics

1903-Davy Medal

1904-Matteucci Medal

1909-Elliott Cresson Medal

1911-Nobel Prize in Chemistry

Delhi, The Grave of Empires

                       Delhi has been called “The Grave of Empires” as it was in their time the capitals of kingdoms and empires that have passed away. It is said that there are the ruins of as many as seven old cities. It is the 2^nd largest city in India. It is generally presumed that the city was named for Raja Dihlu, a King.

                       Delhi is said to have begun it’s history as far back as the days of Pandavas, who built their capital of Indraprastha there. It is certain that it was the capital of the Rajput Chieftains called the Tomaras, in the 11^th century. But it was the Mussalmans that made Delhi a royal city. It was the capital of the so-called Slave Kings in the 13^th century.

     Red Fortress

                                                                        It was also under the great Moghal Emperors which they made their capital, rose to the height of their greatness. These great rulers especially the Shahjahan, put up magnificent buildings, such as the splendid place and the great Jama Masjid. In fact it was Shahjahan who found the Delhi in the 17^th century which today known as Old Delhi.                                                    

                           In British time, Delhi was chiefly famous for its siege during the Mutiny in 1857. As the capital of British India Calcutta, Delhi became a town only secondary importance. But in 1911, the seat of government was transferred once more to Delhi, under the viceroy ship of Lord Hardinge, and the King Emperor, George V, himself made a announcement of the change at the Durbar. And now yet another Delhi has been built, called New Delhi, as a fitting place for the Government of India.                                    

Colombo City

Sri lanka’s commercial capital Colombo is a Fascinating city, not only for a comfortable blend of East & West but also a cosy  mixture of the past & Present. Colombo is dotted with many      interesting & important tourist attractions including colonial era buildings. Situated 34km from the International Airport, Colombo has been a flourishing seaport for centuries; from the time when ancient seafarers from Cathay, Persia, & Morocco traded in pearls, precious stones, peacocks, elephant, cinnamon & other spices. The original trading settlers, the Portuguese, Dutch & the British have all left in their wake churches, monuments, names, religions, costumes & food & smattering of their languages which have been absorbed into the speech of the Sri Lanka.

Spiders

                        There are many kinds of spiders. but we have seen very few. The common garden-spider spreads  webs on the trees and bushes in the garden. The house-spider builds its web inside the rooms,and these are the "cob-webs" that hang on the ceiling.

                        There is a water-spider that lives and builds it' s nest in ponds.  The trap door spider does not weave an ordinary web, but makes a very clever little trap with a drop-door to it. All the spiders use poison to kill the flies they catch. But only one can hurt the human beings, and it's called Tarantula. Most spiders quite harmless, though people are afraid of them.  

                     The natural food of spiders is flies and small insects. Spiders build the webs for the purpose of catching flies. The spider web is not a nest to live in,but a trap to catch foods. Web is like a net. It's a wonderful creation in nature. The spiders has inside it a kind of gum, which it spins into very fine silky thread.

                      

                                   When a fly come along and flies into the web, it can't get away because threads are sticky and hold it fast. The more it struggles, the more mixed it gets. And at once the spider runs out over its web, seizes the fly, squirts poison into it and kills it. Then it sucks all the juice out of its victim.After it's finished the dry body of the victim is thrown away. Then the spider mend the web again if it has been broken and awaits for the next victim.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

Diwali,The Feast of Lanterns

          Diwali is the Hindu festival held in the last days of the dark quarter of the moon in October or November. It marks the beginning of the business year, and so

is to Hindus what Christmas and New Year holidays are to the English people. Shop keepers and traders then close their accounts for the year and ope new accounts for the new year. All the houses are cleaned and decorated, and at night both houses and streets are lit up with many lights and lamps.

                    Diwali lasts for four days, which are all days of rejoicing, and devoted also to the worship of certain Hindu gods. In the day time,the people put on their holiday dress, and the streets of the towns and villages are loud with music of pipes and drums. At night fire-works are let off. That makes the streets almost as bright as day. Even the poorest people celebrate this festival very charm. The spirit of the festivals one of quite joy and good resolution for the New Year.

                                         

Reading

Every one, young & old should have hobby of some sort for his or her leisure hours. There are many kinds of hobbies. Collecting stamp, Reading, Collecting in some form, Take photographs & etc:.  Not only the rich but also some poor people reading. Even members of the royal families are reading. Reading has become the famous hobby for them for various reasons.
"Reading Maketh A Full Man" is famous saying.  To became a good reader we should be able to be humble to obey the author & to open our mind as wide as possible. some people tend to trow away book they have started reading when the facts there in do not appeal to their logic. But that is not right as every book has some thing to learn. To improve to our knowledge Read, Read More than more Read. Then one day you will be able Full Man.

About Sri Lanka

Ancient travellers call Sri Lanka a tear drop of joy, frozen solid as it fell off the chain of its mother, sub-continent India.Sri Lanka is known pearl of the Indian Ocean. Sri lanka has very long history which dates back to 650 B.C. Though some say that the frist citizen was king Vijaya who came from India, there were Nagas & yakkas earlier. Nagas & yakkas were  human beings of two casts. Sri Lanka has been called many manes, like Serendhi, Taprobane, Zeylan,Thambapanni and ultimately sri Lanka. Sri Lanka has so small an area, only 65,610sq.km. & in length by 225.3km at the broadest point.
Sri Lanka has central hills with cold Climate, from main rivers. It has many Cascading waterfalls, rivers, deep valleys, tea carpetted emerald hills & terraced rice fields Sri Lanka main crop is Paddy.
The financial crops are tea, rubber & coconuts. Tea is grown in upper hills & lower hills while paddy is grown well min the lower plains.
The impact of many  cultures over the centuries from South India to the Moorish and that of the western colonists resulted in the country's culture being rich & diversity of the scenery, the warmth, friendliness & hospitality of the people have drawn visitors to the Island over & over again.